Gray Rob
Arizona State University East, Mesa, AZ, USA.
J Exp Psychol Appl. 2004 Mar;10(1):42-54. doi: 10.1037/1076-898X.10.1.42.
A simulated baseball batting task was used to compare the relative effects of attending to extraneous information (tone frequency) and attending to skill execution (direction of bat movement) on performance and swing kinematics and to evaluate how these effects differ as a function of expertise. The extraneous dual task degraded batting performance in novices but had no significant effect on experts. The skill-focused dual task increased batting errors and movement variability for experts but had no significant effect on novices. For expert batters, accuracy in the skill-focused dual task was inversely related to the current level of performance. Expert batters were significantly more accurate in the skill-focused dual task when placed under pressure. These findings indicate that the attentional focus varies substantially across and within performers with different levels of expertise.
一项模拟棒球击球任务被用于比较关注无关信息（音调频率）和关注技能执行（球棒运动方向）对表现和挥棒运动学的相对影响，并评估这些影响如何因专业水平而异。无关的双重任务降低了新手的击球表现，但对专家没有显著影响。专注于技能的双重任务增加了专家的击球失误和动作变异性，但对新手没有显著影响。对于专家击球手来说，专注于技能的双重任务中的准确性与当前表现水平呈负相关。当处于压力下时，专家击球手在专注于技能的双重任务中明显更准确。这些发现表明，不同专业水平的表演者之间以及内部的注意力焦点存在很大差异。
