Peng Michael M, Jick Hershel
Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Lexington, MA 02421, USA.
Arch Intern Med. 2004 Feb 9;164(3):317-9. doi: 10.1001/archinte.164.3.317.
Anaphylaxis is an acute and potentially fatal systemic reaction usually caused by mast cell-mediated release of histamine. Symptoms can vary in onset, appearance, and severity. Some common symptoms include weakness, dizziness, flushing, angioedema, urticaria, nasal congestion, and sneezing. Severe symptoms include upper respiratory tract obstruction, hypotension, vascular collapse associated with angioedema and urticaria, gastrointestinal distress, cardiovascular arrhythmias, and/or arrest.
We conducted an observational follow-up study encompassing approximately 8 million person-years based on the UK General Practice Research Database for the period January 1, 1994, to December 31, 1999, which quantified the frequency, type, and severity of a clinical diagnosis of anaphylaxis.
Based on 675 cases of anaphylaxis, we estimate the incidence to be 8.4 per 100 000 person-years. Approximately 10% of cases had hypotension and shock that required urgent treatment. The most common causes were insect stings and oral medicines.
Anaphylaxis is an uncommon illness that has multiple causes and can be life-threatening.
过敏反应是一种急性且可能致命的全身性反应，通常由肥大细胞介导释放组胺引起。症状在发作、表现和严重程度上可能有所不同。一些常见症状包括虚弱、头晕、脸红、血管性水肿、荨麻疹、鼻塞和打喷嚏。严重症状包括上呼吸道梗阻、低血压、与血管性水肿和荨麻疹相关的血管虚脱、胃肠道不适、心血管心律失常和/或心脏骤停。
我们基于英国全科医学研究数据库，对1994年1月1日至1999年12月31日期间进行了一项观察性随访研究，涵盖约800万人年，量化了过敏反应临床诊断的频率、类型和严重程度。
基于675例过敏反应病例，我们估计发病率为每10万人年8.4例。约10%的病例有需要紧急治疗的低血压和休克。最常见的原因是昆虫叮咬和口服药物。
过敏反应是一种病因多样且可能危及生命的罕见疾病。
