Rotenberg V S
Abarbanel Mental Health Center, Bat-Yam, Israel.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1992 Winter;16(4):497-502. doi: 10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80190-3.
A new approach to the sleep stages role in memory is discussed in the context of the two opposite patterns of behavior-search activity and renunciation of search. Search activity is activity designed to change the situation (or the subjects attitudes to it) in the absence of a definite forecast of the results of such activity, but with the constant consideration of these results at all stages of activity. Search activity increases general adaptability and body resistance while renunciation of search decreases adaptability and requires REM sleep for its compensation. Unprepared learning, which is often accompanied by failures on the first steps of learning, is suggested to produce renunciation of search, which decreases learning ability, suppress retention, and increase REM sleep requirement. A prolonged REM sleep deprivation before training causes learned helplessness and disturbs the learning process, while short REM sleep deprivation cause the "rebound" of the compensatory search activity that interferes with passive avoidance. REM sleep deprivation performed after a training session can increase distress caused by a training procedure, with the subsequent negative outcome on retention.
本文在行为的两种相反模式——搜索活动和放弃搜索的背景下，讨论了睡眠阶段在记忆中作用的一种新方法。搜索活动是指在没有对该活动结果进行明确预测的情况下，旨在改变情境（或主体对其态度）的活动，但在活动的各个阶段都要不断考虑这些结果。搜索活动提高了一般适应性和身体抵抗力，而放弃搜索则降低了适应性，需要快速眼动睡眠来进行补偿。无准备学习通常在学习的第一步就伴随着失败，被认为会导致放弃搜索，这会降低学习能力、抑制记忆，并增加对快速眼动睡眠的需求。训练前长时间的快速眼动睡眠剥夺会导致习得性无助并干扰学习过程，而短时间的快速眼动睡眠剥夺会导致补偿性搜索活动的“反弹”，从而干扰被动回避。训练后进行快速眼动睡眠剥夺会增加训练程序引起的痛苦，并对记忆产生后续的负面影响。
