Schaefer G J, Michael R P
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Georgia Mental Health Institute, Atlanta, GA 30306.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1992 Winter;16(4):569-83. doi: 10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80197-6.
We review evidence that schedule-controlled intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) has properties in common with conventional reinforcements, such as food and water, but unlike the latter, animals will respond for ICSS for long periods of time at a near-constant rate. Schedule-controlled ICSS has proven to be more sensitive to drug-induced changes than has ICSS on a continuous reinforcement schedule, and it permits a more fine-grained analysis of the pattern of responding that results in the reinforcement. Evidence is accumulating that the schedule of ICSS itself leads to neurochemical changes in areas of the brain, such as the nucleus accumbens, in which reward processes occur. Results obtained from schedule-controlled ICSS would complement those obtained by drug self-administration studies which generally use intermittent reinforcement. A systematic examination of ICSS schedules at different brain sites would greatly facilitate our interpretation of drug effects and this would have utility for behavioral pharmacology.
我们回顾了相关证据，即按时间表控制的颅内自我刺激（ICSS）具有与传统强化物（如食物和水）相同的特性，但与后者不同的是，动物会以近乎恒定的速率长时间对ICSS做出反应。事实证明，与连续强化时间表下的ICSS相比，按时间表控制的ICSS对药物诱导的变化更敏感，并且它允许对导致强化的反应模式进行更精细的分析。越来越多的证据表明，ICSS时间表本身会导致大脑区域（如伏隔核，奖励过程发生于此）的神经化学变化。从按时间表控制的ICSS获得的结果将补充通过药物自我给药研究获得的结果，药物自我给药研究通常使用间歇性强化。对不同脑区的ICSS时间表进行系统检查将极大地促进我们对药物作用的解释，这将对行为药理学有用。
