Ryynänen O P, Kivelä S L, Honkanen R, Laippala P
University of Kuopio, Department of Community Health and General Practice, Finland.
Scand J Prim Health Care. 1992 Dec;10(4):277-83. doi: 10.3109/02813439209014074.
Factors associated with recurrent falling during a one-year period were analysed among elderly Finns (65 yrs and more) seeking medical treatment due to a fall. Recurrent falling in men was independently related to a lesser amount of depressive symptoms and to less severe injury due to the first fall. In women, recurrent falling was independently related to the non-occurrence of a fear of falling. Furthermore, recurrent falling, amount of daily movement, mental capacity, and falling during the previous year were related variables. Here the risk of recurrent falling was high among persons with poor mental capacity, who moved about a large amount daily, and who had had at least one accident during the previous year. In addition, there was an association between poor health and recurrent falling women. Demented women moving about daily, frail women, and incautious men and women seemed to be the main risk groups for repeated falling. What could general practitioners do to prevent repeated falls in the elderly? First, the overall health status and functional capacities of frail elderly women should be improved. Second, all elderly persons, especially those who have fallen, should be informed about how to minimize the risks of falls. Prevention is not easy among the demented population, however.
对因跌倒而寻求治疗的芬兰老年人群（65岁及以上）在一年期间与反复跌倒相关的因素进行了分析。男性反复跌倒与较少的抑郁症状以及首次跌倒造成的较轻伤害独立相关。在女性中，反复跌倒与未出现跌倒恐惧独立相关。此外，反复跌倒、日常活动量、心理能力以及上一年的跌倒情况都是相关变量。在此，心理能力差、每日活动量大且上一年至少发生过一次意外的人群反复跌倒的风险较高。此外，健康状况不佳与女性反复跌倒之间存在关联。日常活动的痴呆女性、体弱女性以及粗心大意的男性和女性似乎是反复跌倒的主要风险群体。全科医生可以采取什么措施来预防老年人反复跌倒呢？首先，应改善体弱老年女性的整体健康状况和功能能力。其次，应告知所有老年人，尤其是那些跌倒过的老年人如何将跌倒风险降至最低。然而，在痴呆人群中预防并不容易。
