Development of an atraumatic small centrifugal pump for second-generation cardiopulmonary bypass.

A small and light direct-drive centrifugal pump has been developed for cardiopulmonary bypass. In the development process, blood compatibility studies including a hemolysis study, an in vitro fluid dynamic performance study, and in vivo durability and feasibility studies were performed. The centrifugal pump with a 50 mm diameter impeller resulted in almost the same index of hemolysis value as did a Bio-Medicus centrifugal pump. Heat dissipation from the motor was prevented by using a flexible drive cable. Forty-eight-hour sealing durability around the driving axis was accomplished by using a fluoro-rubber V-ring that connected to the hard chrome-plated stainless steel. In vitro and in vivo performances of the pump were satisfactory. Thrombus formation behind the impeller was prevented by using a holed impeller that generated blood flow from the back to the surface of the impeller. Elimination of air during priming procedures was also easier with this modification. This centrifugal pump has one-quarter of the priming volume, size, and weight of magnetically coupled centrifugal pump systems.