Rutter M, Schopler E
Institute of Psychiatry, University of London.
J Autism Dev Disord. 1992 Dec;22(4):459-82. doi: 10.1007/BF01046322.
Classifications have to meet a variety of purposes. Clinical and research needs are different and there is much to be said for separate clinical and research schemes. Care is needed to ensure that classifications provide an appropriate medium for teaching about diagnosis and do not cause difficulties when used as a "passport" to resources. Principles of classification are considered in relation to the need to take course, as well as symptomatology, into account, and with respect to the neuropsychiatric interface. The value of a multiaxial approach is noted. The pros and cons of autism and pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) as an overall descriptive term, of lumping or splitting, and of different choices with respect to PDD subcategories are discussed.
分类必须满足多种目的。临床需求和研究需求不同，因此单独的临床和研究方案有诸多可取之处。需要注意确保分类为诊断教学提供合适的媒介，并且在用作获取资源的“通行证”时不会引发困难。考虑分类原则时，要兼顾病程以及症状学，还要考虑神经精神病学的交叉领域。文中提到了多轴方法的价值。讨论了将自闭症和广泛性发育障碍（PDD）作为一个整体描述性术语的利弊、合并或细分的利弊，以及在PDD子类别方面不同选择的利弊。
