Schraub S, Alauzet E, Schaffer P, Robillard J, Menegoz F
Hôpital Jean-Minjoz, Besancon.
Rev Fr Gynecol Obstet. 1992 Dec;87(12):577-85.
The epidemiology of gynecological and breast cancers are better known in France as a result of the mortality data provided by INSERM and the mortality data obtained from the French Tumor Register. Breast cancers are the most common form of cancer in women, accounting for about 30 p. cent of tumors (excluding skin cancers) followed by cancers of the uterine cervix, uterine body and the ovary. The change in incidence shows a definite reduction in the number of uterine cancers over the past 10 years, whereas the incidence of breast cancers is rising by 1 to 2 p. cent per year. Mortality due to breast cancer has risen steadily in France since 1950, particularly in higher age groups. At birth, the risk of developing a breast cancers is 7 p. cent, i.e. one woman in 14 will develop a breast cancer. The figures for cancers of the uterus and ovary are much lower. Survival curves for various types of cancer confirm the steady decline in survival for breast cancers, whereas for cancers of the cervix, uterine body and ovary, mortality rates stabilize after 5 years. The risk of a secondary cancer remains very high for breast tumors, and half the cases of a secondary tumor involve a contralateral breast tumor. In general, there is an increased risk of a secondary cancer after a primary gynecological tumor.
由于法国国家健康与医学研究院（INSERM）提供的死亡率数据以及从法国肿瘤登记处获得的死亡率数据，法国对妇科癌症和乳腺癌的流行病学情况有了更深入的了解。乳腺癌是女性中最常见的癌症形式，约占肿瘤（不包括皮肤癌）的30%，其次是子宫颈癌、子宫体癌和卵巢癌。发病率的变化显示，过去10年子宫癌的数量明显减少，而乳腺癌的发病率每年上升1%至2%。自1950年以来，法国乳腺癌死亡率稳步上升，尤其是在较高年龄组。出生时，患乳腺癌的风险为7%，即每14名女性中有1人会患乳腺癌。子宫癌和卵巢癌的数据要低得多。各类癌症的生存曲线证实了乳腺癌生存率的稳步下降，而子宫颈癌、子宫体癌和卵巢癌的死亡率在5年后趋于稳定。乳腺癌发生二次癌症的风险仍然很高，二次肿瘤病例中有一半涉及对侧乳腺肿瘤。一般来说，原发性妇科肿瘤后发生二次癌症的风险会增加。
