Zimmermann R, Kagelmann H J
Rehabilitation (Stuttg). 1978 May;17(2):77-85.
Neumann's opinion that prejudices towards the disabled are decisively determined by inborn reactions, i.e., the reaction towards outsiders and the fear reaction towards strangers, is put to question. Ethological and ethnological research results demonstrate that the studies of human and animal behaviour towards the "disabled" are still in an elementary stage and that hitherto available results only permit the conclusion that animals as well as human beings display a very complex and differentiated behaviour vis-a-vis the disabled. In connection with human beings this complexity is seen as evidence of the outstanding significance of societal factors--in their broadest sense--for the formation of prejudices towards the disabled. The necessity of a goal-oriented elimination of these prejudices is stressed. Furthermore, attention is drawn to terminological problems and the difficulties or comparisons between human beings and animals.
诺伊曼认为，对残疾人的偏见决定性地由先天反应所决定，即对外来者的反应和对陌生人的恐惧反应，这一观点受到质疑。行为学和人种学的研究结果表明，对人类和动物针对“残疾人”行为的研究仍处于初级阶段，而且迄今为止可得的结果仅能得出这样的结论：动物以及人类面对残疾人时会表现出非常复杂且有差异的行为。就人类而言，这种复杂性被视为社会因素——从最广泛的意义上讲——对于形成对残疾人偏见具有突出重要性的证据。强调了有针对性地消除这些偏见的必要性。此外，还提请注意术语问题以及人类与动物之间比较的困难。
