Neumann G H
Rehabilitation (Stuttg). 1977 May;16(2):101-6.
Based on the fact that prejudices and negative attitudes towards the disabled are not only common to our culture, but a worldwide problem, the following article studies their genesis from the point of view of behavioural science and biology. Dispositions of the mind transmitted by society can only be considered as one causative factor amongst many for these undesirable prejudices and attitudes. It is shown that human inborn inclination for a specific reaction towards marginal groups and the equally inborn fear-reaction towards strangers are also contributing factors to the formation of prejudices. This theory is supported by findings of the animal behavioural science and comparative human ethology. As inborn prejudices can be influenced by education and need not be put down to fate, two suggestions are made concerning the elimination of negative attitudes, e.g. (1) to make man aware of the fact that as a cultural being his inborn negative reaction towards marginal groups is inappropriate. As a consequence, this reaction must be transformed both culturally and ethically, (2) to eliminate the fear-reaction towards strangers, amongst other things, through integrated education.
基于对残疾人的偏见和消极态度不仅在我们的文化中很常见，而且是一个全球性问题这一事实，以下文章从行为科学和生物学的角度研究了它们的成因。社会传递的心理倾向只能被视为这些不良偏见和态度的众多成因之一。研究表明，人类对边缘群体的特定反应的天生倾向以及对陌生人同样天生的恐惧反应也是偏见形成的促成因素。这一理论得到了动物行为科学和比较人类行为学研究结果的支持。由于天生的偏见可以受到教育的影响，不必归结于命运，因此针对消除消极态度提出了两条建议，例如：（1）让人们意识到，作为一种文化存在，他对边缘群体天生的消极反应是不合适的。因此，这种反应必须在文化和伦理上加以转变；（2）通过综合教育等方式消除对陌生人的恐惧反应。
