de Zwaan M, Mitchell J E
Department of Psychiatry, University of Vienna, Austria.
J Clin Pharmacol. 1992 Dec;32(12):1060-72.
Animal studies have demonstrated a robust role for the endogenous opioid system in the control of food intake. In humans, selective opioid antagonists such as naloxone, naltrexone, and nalmefene have been shown in some studies to reduce total food intake by up to 30% and to alter food preferences in short-term experimental trials in normal-weight subjects, as well as in obese and bulimic patients. The value of naloxone and naltrexone in the long-term treatment of eating disordered patients, however, must be considered very limited. The published treatment studies do not justify the routine use of naloxone and naltrexone in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome, obesity, bulimia nervosa, or anorexia nervosa because of their unprofitable risk/benefit ratios, although further work, particularly focused on some of the newer antagonists, should be undertaken.
动物研究表明，内源性阿片系统在控制食物摄入方面发挥着重要作用。在人类中，一些研究显示，纳洛酮、纳曲酮和纳美芬等选择性阿片拮抗剂在短期实验中可使正常体重受试者、肥胖患者和贪食症患者的食物总摄入量减少多达30%，并改变食物偏好。然而，纳洛酮和纳曲酮在饮食失调患者长期治疗中的价值必须被认为是非常有限的。已发表的治疗研究表明，由于风险/效益比不佳，不建议在普拉德-威利综合征、肥胖症、神经性贪食症或神经性厌食症患者中常规使用纳洛酮和纳曲酮，不过应该开展进一步的研究，特别是针对一些新型拮抗剂的研究。
