Mazur E, Wolchik S A, Sandler I N
Arizona State University, Program for Prevention Research, Tempe.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1992 Dec;20(6):523-42. doi: 10.1007/BF00911238.
This study examined the relations among negative cognitive errors regarding hypothetical negative divorce events, positive illusions about those same events, actual divorce events, and psychological adjustment in 38 8- to 12-year-old children whose parents had divorced within the previous 2 years. Children's scores on a scale of negative cognitive errors (catastrophizing, overgeneralizing, and personalizing) correlated significantly with self-reported symptoms of anxiety and self-esteem, and with maternal reports of behavior problems. Children's scores on a scale measuring positive illusions (high self-regard, illusion of personal control, and optimism for the future) correlated significantly with less self-reported aggression. Both appraisal types accounted for variance in some measures of symptomatology beyond that explained by actual events. There was no significant association between children's negative cognitive errors and positive illusions. The implications of these results for theories of negative cognitive errors and of positive illusions, as well as for future research, are discussed.
本研究调查了38名8至12岁儿童（其父母在过去两年内离婚）在假设的负面离婚事件上的负面认知错误、对这些相同事件的积极幻想、实际离婚事件以及心理调适之间的关系。儿童在负面认知错误量表（灾难化、过度概括和个人化）上的得分与自我报告的焦虑症状和自尊显著相关，也与母亲报告的行为问题显著相关。儿童在测量积极幻想的量表（高自尊、个人控制幻觉和对未来的乐观）上的得分与较少的自我报告攻击行为显著相关。两种评估类型在某些症状测量指标上所解释的方差超出了实际事件所解释的范围。儿童的负面认知错误与积极幻想之间没有显著关联。本文讨论了这些结果对负面认知错误理论和积极幻想理论的意义，以及对未来研究的意义。
