Mirsky A F, Lochhead S J, Jones B P, Kugelmass S, Walsh D, Kendler K S
Laboratory of Psychology and Psychopathology, NIMH, Bethesda, MD 20892.
J Psychiatr Res. 1992 Oct;26(4):383-403. doi: 10.1016/0022-3956(92)90042-m.
We review the literature on attentional impairment in schizophrenics and their first-degree relatives and present new information from ongoing family studies of the disorder in Ireland and Israel. Subjects were administered a neuropsychological test battery (the NIMH Attention Battery) intended to measure four different elements of attention: encode, focus/execute, sustain, and shift. Results from both samples indicated that schizophrenic subjects performed most poorly on the tests, the control subjects performed best, and the scores of the relatives fell somewhere between the other two groups. Separation among subject groups was most significant for those tests comprising the focus/execute and sustain elements. Some of the results indicate, as well, that tests of auditory sustained attention may be the most discriminating of all. Overall comparison of the Irish and Israeli cohorts revealed striking differences. While within cohort differences remained, subjects from the Irish sample performed more poorly on many of the tests than Israeli subjects. This between-cohort difference was not found in the sustain element, as measured by the Continuous Performance Test. The socio-cultural implications of these findings are discussed with respect to future neuropsychological studies of schizophrenia.
我们回顾了有关精神分裂症患者及其一级亲属注意力损害的文献，并展示了来自爱尔兰和以色列正在进行的该疾病家族研究的新信息。对受试者进行了一组神经心理学测试（美国国立精神卫生研究所注意力测试组），旨在测量注意力的四个不同要素：编码、聚焦/执行、维持和转移。两个样本的结果均表明，精神分裂症患者在测试中表现最差，对照组受试者表现最佳，亲属的得分则介于其他两组之间。对于包含聚焦/执行和维持要素的测试，受试者组之间的差异最为显著。部分结果还表明，听觉持续注意力测试可能是所有测试中最具区分性的。对爱尔兰和以色列队列的总体比较显示出显著差异。虽然队列内部差异依然存在，但爱尔兰样本中的受试者在许多测试中的表现比以色列受试者更差。通过连续性能测试测量的维持要素未发现这种队列间差异。针对精神分裂症未来的神经心理学研究，我们讨论了这些发现的社会文化意义。
