Harwas-Napierala B
Institute of Psychology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.
Acta Paedopsychiatr. 1992;55(4):251-4.
The paper presents the results of an investigation into some psychological aspects of shame and guilt of a group of school children aged fourteen. The research, which involved forty seven children, showed that majority of them, and girls in particular, treat guilt as distinctly different from shame. Guilt seems to be as a more intensive, longer-lasting experience, usually accompanied by a feeling of bad or wrong behaviour, with a general tendency to be coped with in privacy and rather consciously. In the case of the feeling of guilt, it is the individual in question who is his/her own judge (inner source), whereas in the case of shame judgement seems to come from the outside (i.e. other people). The paper proposes ways in which children can be protected from these two emotions.
本文呈现了一项针对一群14岁学童羞耻感和内疚感某些心理层面的调查结果。这项涉及47名儿童的研究表明，他们中的大多数，尤其是女孩，认为内疚与羞耻截然不同。内疚似乎是一种更强烈、更持久的体验，通常伴随着对不良或错误行为的感觉，总体上倾向于私下且相当自觉地应对。就内疚感而言，评判者是当事人自己（内在根源），而在羞耻感的情况下，评判似乎来自外部（即他人）。本文提出了保护儿童免受这两种情绪影响的方法。
