Barongo L R, Borgdorff M W, Mosha F F, Nicoll A, Grosskurth H, Senkoro K P, Newell J N, Changalucha J, Klokke A H, Killewo J Z
National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania.
AIDS. 1992 Dec;6(12):1521-8. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199212000-00016.
To determine the prevalence of HIV-1 infection and to identify the most important risk factors for infection.
A cross-sectional population survey carried out in 1990 and 1991 in Mwanza Region, Tanzania.
Adults aged 15-54 years were selected from the region (population, 2 million) by stratified random cluster sampling: 2434 from 20 rural villages, 1157 from 20 roadside settlements and 1554 from 20 urban wards. Risk factor information was obtained from interviews. All sera were tested for HIV-1 antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); sera non-negative on ELISA were also tested by Western blot.
The response rate was 81%. HIV-1 infection was 1.5 times more common in women than in men; 2.5% of the adult population in rural villages, 7.3% in roadside settlements and 11.8% in town were infected. HIV-1 infection occurred mostly in women aged 15-34 years and men aged 25-44 years. It was associated with being separated or widowed, multiple sex partners, presence of syphilis antibodies, history of genital discharge or genital ulcer, travel to Mwanza town, and receiving injections during the previous 12 months, but not with male circumcision.
This study confirms that HIV-1 infection in this region in East Africa is more common in women than in men. The results are consistent with the spread of HIV-1 infection along the main roads. There is no evidence that lack of circumcision is a risk factor in this population.
确定人类免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV-1）感染的流行率，并找出最重要的感染风险因素。
1990年和1991年在坦桑尼亚姆万扎地区进行的一项横断面人群调查。
通过分层随机整群抽样从该地区（人口200万）选取15至54岁的成年人：从20个乡村选取2434人，从20个路边定居点选取1157人，从20个城市街区选取1554人。通过访谈获取风险因素信息。所有血清均采用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）检测HIV-1抗体；ELISA检测结果为非阴性的血清还通过免疫印迹法进行检测。
应答率为81%。HIV-1感染在女性中比在男性中常见1.5倍；乡村成年人口的感染率为2.5%，路边定居点为7.3%，城镇为11.8%。HIV-1感染主要发生在15至34岁的女性和25至44岁的男性中。它与分居或丧偶、多个性伴侣者、梅毒抗体阳性、有生殖器分泌物或生殖器溃疡病史、前往姆万扎镇以及在过去12个月内接受注射有关，但与男性包皮环切术无关。
本研究证实，东非该地区的HIV-1感染在女性中比在男性中更为常见。结果与HIV-1感染沿主要道路传播的情况一致。没有证据表明包皮环切术缺乏是该人群的一个风险因素。
