Hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer, endometrial cancer and cardiovascular disease: risks and benefits.

The relatively restricted use of hormone replacement therapy in the United Kingdom has frequently been noted. It is possible that low prescribing rates may, in part, be due to the difficulty in interpreting the wealth of research evidence relating to the risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy. Conflicting conclusions from research can cause considerable uncertainty and confusion. This paper reviews the evidence relating to hormone replacement therapy and the risks of breast cancer, endometrial cancer and cardiovascular disease and discusses the issues which require critical assessment. This should add to the information base available to general practitioners and thus assist in decision-making in the context of uncertainty.