Saito Norimitsu, Harada Kouji, Inoue Kayoko, Sasaki Kazuaki, Yoshinaga Takeo, Koizumi Akio
Research Institute for Environmental Sciences and Public Health of Iwate Prefecture, Japan.
J Occup Health. 2004 Jan;46(1):49-59. doi: 10.1539/joh.46.49.
Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are synthetic surfactants used in Japan. An epidemiological study of workers exposed to PFOA revealed a significant increase in prostate cancer mortality. A cross-sectional study of PFOA-exposed workers showed that PFOA perturbs sex hormone homeostasis. We analyzed their concentrations in surface water samples collected from all over Japan by LC/MS with a solid phase extraction method. The lowest limits of detection (LOD) (ng/L) were 0.06 for PFOA and 0.04 for PFOS. The lowest limits of quantification (LOQ) (ng/L) were 0.1 for both analytes. The levels [geometric mean (GM); geometric standard deviation (GS)] (ng/L) of PFOA and PFOS in the surface waters were GM (GS): 0.97 (3.06) and 1.19 (2.44) for Hokkaido-Tohoku (n=16); 2.84(3.56) and 3.69 (3.93) for Kanto (n=14); 2.50 (2.23) and 1.07 (2.36) for Chubu (n=17); 21.5 (2.28) and 5.73 (3.61) for Kinki (n=8); 1.51 (2.28) and 1.00 (3.42) for Chugoku (n=9); 1.93 (2.40) and 0.89 (3.09) for Kyushu-Shikoku (n=15). The GM of PFOA in Kinki was significantly higher than in other areas (ANOVA p<0.01). Systematic searches of Yodo and Kanzaki Rivers revealed two highly contaminated sites, a public-water-disposal site for PFOA and an airport for PFOS. The former was estimated to release 18 kg of PFOA/d. PFOA in drinking water in Osaka city [40 (1.07) ng/L] was significantly higher than in other areas. The present study confirms that recognizable amounts of PFOA are released in the Osaka area and that people are exposed to PFOA through drinking water ingestion.
全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）是在日本使用的合成表面活性剂。一项针对接触PFOA的工人的流行病学研究显示，前列腺癌死亡率显著上升。一项对接触PFOA的工人的横断面研究表明，PFOA会扰乱性激素稳态。我们采用固相萃取法，通过液相色谱/质谱联用仪分析了从日本各地采集的地表水样本中它们的浓度。PFOA的最低检测限（LOD）（纳克/升）为0.06，PFOS为0.04。两种分析物的最低定量限（LOQ）（纳克/升）均为0.1。地表水样本中PFOA和PFOS的含量[几何平均值（GM）；几何标准差（GS）]（纳克/升）分别为：北海道-东北地区（n = 16），GM（GS）：0.97（3.06）和1.19（2.44）；关东地区（n = 14），2.84（3.56）和3.69（3.93）；中部地区（n = 17），2.50（2.23）和1.07（2.36）；近畿地区（n = 8），21.5（2.28）和5.73（3.61）；中国地区（n = 9），1.51（2.28）和1.00（3.42）；九州-四国地区（n = 15），1.93（2.40）和0.89（3.09）。近畿地区PFOA的GM显著高于其他地区（方差分析p < 0.01）。对淀川和神崎川进行的系统调查发现了两个高污染地点，一个是PFOA的公共污水处理场，另一个是PFOS的机场。据估计，前者每天释放18千克PFOA。大阪市饮用水中的PFOA含量[40（1.07）纳克/升]显著高于其他地区。本研究证实，大阪地区释放了可识别量的PFOA，人们通过饮用摄入的水接触到了PFOA。
