Zhao Bingzi, Maeda Morihiro, Zhang Jiabao, Zhu Anning, Ozaki Yasuo
State Experimental Station for Agro-Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2006 Mar;13(2):90-7. doi: 10.1065/espr2005.06.268.
GOAL, SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: Andisols are widespread in Japan and have some special properties such as high anion exchange capacity, low bulk density, and high organic matter content, which might influence the accumulation or chemical fractionation of heavy metals. However, few such data exist in Japanese andisols. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the distribution and chemical fractions of Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr in the soil profiles and subsequently to assess their potential environmental hazard.
Soil samples were taken from a field experiment conducted on Japanese andisols, which had received either swine compost or chemical fertilizers for 6 years. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr were determined for all of the obtained extract solutions by ICP-AES.
Considerably higher total concentrations of Cu and Zn were observed in the top 20 cm layer of the compost-amended soil, relative to the unfertilized soil, while chemical fertilizers had little effect. Application of the swine compost increased the concentrations of Cu and Zn, but not Ni and Cr, in all fractions in the top 20 cm layer. The greatest increase in the organically bound fraction (OM) Cu and dilute acid-exchangeable fraction (DAEXCH) Zn was observed. This suggests that Cu and Zn are potentially bioavailable and mobile in the andisol profiles after 6-year consecutive applications of the swine compost. On the other hand, distribution of Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr among various soil fractions was generally unaffected by chemical fertilizers.
We observed that 6-year consecutive applications of the swine compost led to an increase in total metals of Cu and Zn, as well as their all-chemical fractions, in the top 20 cm soil layers. Potential hazard of heavy metals, especially of Cu and Zn, as a result of the use of swine compost on andisols, must be taken into account.
The long-term effect of the accumulation of heavy metals, particularly Cu and Zn, in various plant tissues and soils, as well as their potential risk to surface water via runoff and groundwater via leaching, needs to be carefully considered. Further investigations in the long-term experiments are therefore necessary.
目标、范围与背景：安山岩土壤在日本广泛分布，具有一些特殊性质，如高阴离子交换容量、低容重和高有机质含量，这些特性可能会影响重金属的积累或化学形态分布。然而，关于日本安山岩土壤的此类数据较少。本研究的主要目的是调查铜、锌、镍和铬在土壤剖面中的分布及化学形态，进而评估它们潜在的环境危害。
土壤样品取自一项在日本安山岩土壤上进行的田间试验，该试验连续6年施用猪粪堆肥或化肥。通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP - AES）测定所有获得的提取液中铜、锌、镍和铬的浓度。
与未施肥土壤相比，在施用堆肥土壤的表层20厘米土层中，铜和锌的总浓度显著更高，而化肥的影响较小。施用猪粪堆肥增加了表层20厘米土层中所有形态的铜和锌的浓度，但对镍和铬没有影响。观察到有机结合态（OM）铜和稀酸可交换态（DAEXCH）锌的增加最为显著。这表明在连续6年施用猪粪堆肥后，铜和锌在安山岩土壤剖面中具有潜在的生物有效性和迁移性。另一方面，铜、锌、镍和铬在不同土壤形态间的分布一般不受化肥影响。
我们观察到连续六年施用猪粪堆肥导致表层20厘米土壤层中铜和锌的总金属含量及其所有化学形态增加。必须考虑在安山岩土壤上使用猪粪堆肥导致重金属尤其是铜和锌产生潜在危害的情况。
需要仔细考虑重金属尤其是铜和锌在各种植物组织和土壤中的长期积累效应，以及它们通过径流对地表水和通过淋溶对地下水的潜在风险。因此，有必要在长期试验中进行进一步研究。
