Verma Suchita, Bhat K Mahalinga
Department of Periodontics, Manipal Academy Of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
J Int Acad Periodontol. 2004 Jan;6(1):13-20.
The understanding of causes and progression of periodontal disease has increased considerably in recent years making it all the more important to gain knowledge about diabetes and its interrelationship with periodontal disease so as to be able to assess their impact on one another more accurately. Strong evidence exists to support the fact that diabetic patients are at an increased risk for periodontitis. A number of underlying factors are known to contribute to enhanced periodontal destruction in diabetics. There has been intensive research to characterise the mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of both microvascular and macrovascular complications. It is also known that there is variability in the rate of development and severity of these complications with some diabetics experiencing none of them. Many of the host response traits that confer susceptibility to periodontitis in otherwise healthy individuals are exaggerated in diabetics. These diabetes associated susceptibility traits include neutrophil dysfunction, abnormal cross-linking and glycosylation of collagen, defective secretion of growth factors and subsequent impaired healing. However it is uncertain which of the hypothesised mechanisms or combinations of mechanisms is directly responsible for the pathogenesis of the complications or whether different mechanisms are operative in different tissues.
近年来，人们对牙周病病因和进展的认识有了显著提高，因此了解糖尿病及其与牙周病的相互关系变得更加重要，以便能够更准确地评估它们彼此之间的影响。有强有力的证据支持糖尿病患者患牙周炎的风险增加这一事实。已知有许多潜在因素会导致糖尿病患者牙周组织破坏加剧。针对微血管和大血管并发症发病机制的特征，已经进行了深入研究。还知道这些并发症的发展速度和严重程度存在差异，一些糖尿病患者并未出现任何并发症。在原本健康的个体中，许多使个体易患牙周炎的宿主反应特征在糖尿病患者中被放大。这些与糖尿病相关的易感性特征包括中性粒细胞功能障碍、胶原蛋白异常交联和糖基化、生长因子分泌缺陷以及随后的愈合受损。然而，尚不确定哪种假设的机制或机制组合直接导致并发症的发病，也不确定不同的机制是否在不同组织中起作用。
