Mealey B L
Department of Periodontics, Willford Hall Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, USA.
Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2000 Nov;21(11):943-6, 948, 950, passim; quiz 956.
Diabetes and periodontal disease are two seemingly unrelated disorders whose complex interrelationship is only now being clarified. How does diabetes, a metabolic disease, affect the periodontium? Perhaps even more interesting for the diabetic patient: How does periodontal disease, a bacterial infection that results in inflammation and tissue destruction in the oral cavity, impact the metabolic control of diabetes? Evidence clearly supports diabetes as a risk factor for periodontal disease. The mechanisms by which diabetes adversely influences the periodontium are in many ways similar to the mechanisms responsible for the classic complications of diabetes. In recent years, research has demonstrated that the relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes is more complex than previously realized. Not only does diabetes affect the periodontium, but periodontal infection can adversely impact glycemic control in diabetes. Periodontal treatment that decreases the bacterial challenge and the resulting inflammatory periodontal destruction can improve glycemia in some diabetic patients. These research findings are of importance to diabetic patients and their health care providers, because the findings support the need for examination, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of periodontal infection.
糖尿病和牙周病是两种看似不相关的病症，它们之间复杂的相互关系直到现在才得以阐明。作为一种代谢性疾病，糖尿病是如何影响牙周组织的呢？或许对糖尿病患者来说更有趣的是：作为一种导致口腔炎症和组织破坏的细菌感染，牙周病是如何影响糖尿病的代谢控制的呢？有明确证据支持糖尿病是牙周病的一个风险因素。糖尿病对牙周组织产生不利影响的机制在很多方面与导致糖尿病典型并发症的机制相似。近年来，研究表明牙周病与糖尿病之间的关系比之前所认识到的更为复杂。糖尿病不仅会影响牙周组织，而且牙周感染会对糖尿病患者的血糖控制产生不利影响。降低细菌侵害以及由此导致的牙周炎症破坏的牙周治疗可以改善一些糖尿病患者的血糖水平。这些研究结果对糖尿病患者及其医护人员很重要，因为这些结果支持了对牙周感染进行检查、诊断、治疗和预防的必要性。
