Roem Kerryn
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
Twin Res. 2003 Dec;6(6):514-9. doi: 10.1375/136905203322686518.
Good nutrition is central to achieving optimal fetal growth and development, and to maintaining maternal health and wellbeing. For multiple pregnancies, there is a growing body of evidence linking good maternal nutrition and weight gain to positive perinatal outcomes including reduced incidence of low birthweight and very low birthweight infants. Nutrition intervention appears to have important clinical implications for infant morbidity and mortality. Nutritional counselling can help women improve and maximise their intake of "at risk nutrients" such as iron, folate, essential fatty acids, calcium and ensure adequate energy intake to meet weight gain targets. Recommended optimal weight gains range from 16-20 kg for twin pregnancies. Expert dietetic guidance is often warranted, especially for women expecting triplets or quadruplets.
良好的营养对于实现胎儿最佳生长发育以及维持母亲的健康和幸福至关重要。对于多胎妊娠，越来越多的证据表明，良好的孕产妇营养和体重增加与积极的围产期结局相关，包括低出生体重和极低出生体重婴儿的发病率降低。营养干预似乎对婴儿发病率和死亡率具有重要的临床意义。营养咨询可以帮助女性改善并最大化摄入“风险营养素”，如铁、叶酸、必需脂肪酸、钙，并确保摄入足够的能量以达到体重增加目标。双胎妊娠推荐的最佳体重增加范围为16 - 20千克。通常需要专业的饮食指导，尤其是对于怀有三胞胎或四胞胎的女性。
