Weiblen George D
Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, 1445 Gortner Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
Syst Biol. 2004 Feb;53(1):128-39. doi: 10.1080/10635150490265012.
This is the first comparative study of correlated evolution between figs (Ficus species, Moraceae) and their pollinators (Hymenoptera: Agaoninae) based on molecular phylogenies of both lineages. Fig relationships based on the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and pollinator relationships inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequences enabled the study of correlated evolution based on molecular phylogenies for the largest set of interacting species ever compared. Comparative methods have been applied to tests of adaptation, but the application of these methods in tests of coadaptation, defined as reciprocal evolutionary change in interacting lineages, has received less attention. I have extended tests of correlated evolution between two traits along a phylogeny to the case of interacting lineages, where two traits may or may not share a common phylogenetic history. Independent contrasts and phylogenetic autocorrelation rejected the null hypothesis that trait correlations within lineages are stronger than trait correlations between interacting lineages. Fig style lengths and pollinator ovipositor lengths, for example, were more highly correlated than were pollinator body size and ovipositor length. Mutualistic interactions between figs and their pollinators illustrate the novel ways in which phylogenies and comparative methods can detect patterns of correlated evolution. The most outstanding evidence of correlated evolution between these obligate mutualists is that interacting trait correlations are stronger than within-lineage allometric relationships.
这是基于两个谱系的分子系统发育，对榕属植物（桑科榕属物种）与其传粉者（膜翅目：榕小蜂科）之间的协同进化进行的首次比较研究。基于核糖体DNA的内部转录间隔区（ITS）构建的榕属植物亲缘关系，以及从线粒体细胞色素氧化酶I（COI）序列推断出的传粉者亲缘关系，使得对有史以来最大一组相互作用物种进行基于分子系统发育的协同进化研究成为可能。比较方法已被应用于适应性测试，但这些方法在共适应测试中的应用，即相互作用谱系中的相互进化变化，受到的关注较少。我将沿着系统发育对两个性状之间的协同进化测试扩展到了相互作用谱系的情况，其中两个性状可能共享也可能不共享共同的系统发育历史。独立对比和系统发育自相关拒绝了谱系内性状相关性强于相互作用谱系间性状相关性的零假设。例如，榕果花柱长度和传粉者产卵器长度之间的相关性，比传粉者体型和产卵器长度之间的相关性更高。榕属植物与其传粉者之间的互利共生相互作用，说明了系统发育和比较方法能够检测协同进化模式的新方式。这些专性互利共生者之间协同进化的最显著证据是，相互作用的性状相关性强于谱系内的异速生长关系。
