Arienzo M, Adamo P, Cozzolino V
Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e dell'Ambiente, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università, 100, Portici NA 80055, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2004 Feb 5;319(1-3):13-25. doi: 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00435-2.
A greenhouse study was carried out to determine the possibility of using Lolium perenne for revegetation of soil from a former ferrous metallurgical plant (Naples, South Italy) contaminated by Cu, Pb and Zn at levels above current Italian regulatory limits. Surface soil samples (0-40 cm) from the facility area where raw minerals were disposed (RM1 and RM2), from a nearby unpolluted cultivated soil (C) as control and a 1:3 mixture of the control with the polluted ones (RM1+C and RM2+C) were utilized for the experiment. Revegetation trials were conducted in the greenhouse. At 90 days from seeding, shoot length, chlorophyll content, biomass yield, plant metal uptake and changes of organic carbon content and metal distribution among soil extractable phases defined by sequential extraction were determined. In the mixed substrates (RM1+C and RM2+C) concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn were still two to three times higher than the Italian regulatory limits. Plants were healthy with 100% survival in all substrates, with no macroscopic symptoms of metal toxicity. The high pH of the soil could be one of the most important parameters responsible for the limited plant availability of the metals. On RM1, RM2 and mixed media, plants experienced retarded growth, reduced shoot length and biomass yield and higher total chlorophyll content compared to those cropped on the control soil, without any evident phytotoxic symptoms. In RM1 and RM2, the plant contents of Cu (19.3 and 12.6 mg kg(-1)), Pb (0.98 and 0.67 mg kg(-1)) and Zn (99 and 88 mg kg(-1)) were higher than that of plants grown on non-contaminated soil (Cu 10.1, Pb < 0.2, Zn 79 mg kg(-1)), but still in the range of physiologically acceptable levels. The distribution of metals in soil was slightly affected by Lolium growth with changes only regarding the organic-bound Cu and Zn pool, with reduction up to 24%. Results indicated that an acceptable healthy vegetative cover can be achieved on the contaminated soil by the proposed revegetation approach and that metals will remain stable over the study period with slight variation of the more available metal forms.
开展了一项温室研究，以确定利用多年生黑麦草对意大利南部那不勒斯一家前黑色冶金厂被铜、铅和锌污染且含量超过意大利现行监管限值的土壤进行植被恢复的可能性。从该厂处理原矿的区域（RM1和RM2）采集表层土壤样本（0 - 40厘米），以附近未受污染的耕地土壤（C）作为对照，并将对照与污染土壤按1:3混合（RM1 + C和RM2 + C）用于该实验。在温室中进行植被恢复试验。播种90天后，测定了地上部分长度、叶绿素含量、生物量产量、植物对金属的吸收以及通过连续提取定义的土壤可提取相中有机碳含量和金属分布的变化。在混合基质（RM1 + C和RM2 + C）中，铜、铅和锌的浓度仍比意大利监管限值高两到三倍。所有基质中的植物均健康存活，存活率达100%，无金属毒性的宏观症状。土壤的高pH值可能是导致金属对植物有效性有限的最重要参数之一。与种植在对照土壤上的植物相比，在RM1、RM2和混合介质上的植物生长迟缓，地上部分长度和生物量产量降低，总叶绿素含量更高，且无任何明显的植物毒性症状。在RM1和RM2中，植物中的铜含量（分别为19.3和12.6毫克/千克）、铅含量（分别为0.98和0.67毫克/千克）和锌含量（分别为99和88毫克/千克）高于在未受污染土壤上生长的植物（铜10.1毫克/千克、铅<0.2毫克/千克、锌79毫克/千克），但仍在生理可接受水平范围内。黑麦草的生长对土壤中金属的分布有轻微影响，仅有机结合态铜和锌库发生变化，减少幅度达24%。结果表明，通过所提出的植被恢复方法，可以在污染土壤上实现可接受的健康植被覆盖，并且在研究期间金属将保持稳定，较易利用的金属形态略有变化。
