Levy Yair, Zadok David
Department of Ophthalmology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, affiliated to the Tel Aviv University, Israel.
Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2004 Jan-Feb;43(1):99-101. doi: 10.1177/000992280404300114.
Topical application of ocular drugs may cause serious adverse ocular or systemic side effects. Children are at greater risk for systemic side effects because ocular dosing is not weight-adjusted, and infants are especially vulnerable as a consequence of the inability to efficiently metabolize the drug, and/or an immature blood-brain barrier. Four pediatric patients are reported in whom treatment with topical brimonidine, a selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist, indicated for the treatment of glaucoma, produced somnolence. Anti-glaucoma eyedrops that are not approved for use in children are still used frequently in pediatrics. Therefore, physicians should be aware of possible systemic side effects of ophthalmic drops.
眼部药物的局部应用可能会引起严重的眼部不良反应或全身副作用。儿童发生全身副作用的风险更高，因为眼部给药未根据体重进行调整，而且婴儿由于无法有效代谢药物和/或血脑屏障不成熟，尤其容易受到影响。本文报告了4例儿科患者，他们使用用于治疗青光眼的选择性α-2肾上腺素能受体激动剂溴莫尼定局部治疗后出现嗜睡。未获批准用于儿童的抗青光眼眼药水在儿科中仍经常使用。因此，医生应了解眼药水可能产生的全身副作用。
