Ning Shu-Kuang, Chang Ni-Bin
Department of Environmental Engineering, Kun-Shan University of Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
Environ Monit Assess. 2004 Feb;91(1-3):145-70. doi: 10.1023/b:emas.0000009233.98215.1f.
River reaches are frequently classified with respect to various mode of water utilization depending on the quantity and quality of water resources available at different location. Monitoring of water quality in a river system must collect both temporal and spatial information for comparison with respect to the preferred situation of a water body based on different scenarios. Designing a technically sound monitoring network, however, needs to identify a suite of significant planning objectives and consider a series of inherent limitations simultaneously. It would rely on applying an advanced systems analysis technique via an integrated simulation-optimization approach to meet the ultimate goal. This article presents an optimal expansion strategy of water quality monitoring stations for fulfilling a long-term monitoring mission under an uncertain environment. The planning objectives considered in this analysis are to increase the protection degree in the proximity of the river system with higher population density, to enhance the detection capability for lower compliance areas, to promote the detection sensitivity by better deployment and installation of monitoring stations, to reflect the levels of utilization potential of water body at different locations, and to monitor the essential water quality in the upper stream areas of all water intakes. The constraint set contains the limitations of budget, equity implication, and the detection sensitivity in the water environment. A fuzzy multi-objective evaluation framework that reflects the uncertainty embedded in decision making is designed for postulating and analyzing the underlying principles of optimal expansion strategy of monitoring network. The case study being organized in South Taiwan demonstrates a set of more robust and flexible expansion alternatives in terms of spatial priority. Such an approach uniquely indicates the preference order of each candidate site to be expanded step-wise whenever the budget limitation is sensitive in the government agencies.
根据不同地点可用水资源的数量和质量，河段常依据各种用水方式进行分类。河流系统水质监测必须收集时间和空间信息，以便根据不同情景与水体的理想状况进行比较。然而，设计一个技术上合理的监测网络需要确定一系列重要的规划目标，并同时考虑一系列固有局限性。这将依赖于通过综合模拟 - 优化方法应用先进的系统分析技术来实现最终目标。本文提出了一种在不确定环境下实现长期监测任务的水质监测站最优扩展策略。该分析中考虑的规划目标包括：提高人口密度较高的河流系统附近的保护程度；增强对合规率较低地区的检测能力；通过更好地部署和安装监测站提高检测灵敏度；反映不同地点水体的利用潜力水平；以及监测所有取水口上游地区的基本水质。约束集包括预算限制、公平性影响以及水环境中的检测灵敏度。设计了一个反映决策中不确定性的模糊多目标评估框架，用于假设和分析监测网络最优扩展策略的基本原理。在台湾南部组织的案例研究展示了一组在空间优先级方面更稳健、更灵活的扩展方案。这种方法独特地表明了在政府机构预算限制敏感时每个候选扩展站点逐步扩展的优先顺序。
