Berger A, Rein D, Kratky E, Monnard I, Hajjaj H, Meirim I, Piguet-Welsch C, Hauser J, Mace K, Niederberger P
Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne 26, 1000, Switzerland.
Lipids Health Dis. 2004 Feb 18;3:2. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-3-2.
There has been renewed interest in mushroom medicinal properties. We studied cholesterol lowering properties of Ganoderma lucidum (Gl), a renowned medicinal species.
Organic fractions containing oxygenated lanosterol derivatives inhibited cholesterol synthesis in T9A4 hepatocytes. In hamsters, 5% Gl did not effect LDL; but decreased total cholesterol (TC) 9.8%, and HDL 11.2%. Gl (2.5 and 5%) had effects on several fecal neutral sterols and bile acids. Both Gl doses reduced hepatic microsomal ex-vivo HMG-CoA reductase activity. In minipigs, 2.5 Gl decreased TC, LDL- and HDL cholesterol 20, 27, and 18%, respectively (P < 0.05); increased fecal cholestanol and coprostanol; and decreased cholate.
Overall, Gl has potential to reduce LDL cholesterol in vivo through various mechanisms. Next steps are to: fully characterize bioactive components in lipid soluble/insoluble fractions; evaluate bioactivity of isolated fractions; and examine human cholesterol lowering properties. Innovative new cholesterol-lowering foods and medicines containing Gl are envisioned.
人们对蘑菇的药用特性重新产生了兴趣。我们研究了著名药用菌种灵芝（Gl）的降胆固醇特性。
含有氧化羊毛甾醇衍生物的有机馏分抑制了T9A4肝细胞中的胆固醇合成。在仓鼠中，5%的灵芝对低密度脂蛋白没有影响；但总胆固醇（TC）降低了9.8%，高密度脂蛋白降低了11.2%。灵芝（2.5%和5%）对几种粪便中性固醇和胆汁酸有影响。两种灵芝剂量均降低了肝微粒体体外HMG-CoA还原酶活性。在小型猪中，2.5%的灵芝分别使总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低了20%、27%和18%（P<0.05）；增加了粪便胆甾烷醇和粪甾烷醇；并降低了胆酸盐。
总体而言，灵芝有可能通过多种机制在体内降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。接下来的步骤是：全面表征脂溶性/不溶性馏分中的生物活性成分；评估分离馏分的生物活性；并研究对人体的降胆固醇特性。设想开发含有灵芝的新型创新降胆固醇食品和药物。
