Berlin Lisa, Bohlin Gunilla, Rydell Ann-Margret
Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Child Neuropsychol. 2003 Dec;9(4):255-66. doi: 10.1076/chin.9.4.255.23519.
The present study examined whether inhibition measured as early as preschool can predict more general executive functioning and ADHD symptoms at school age. In contrast to previous studies, the present study focused specifically on ADHD symptoms rather than general disruptive behavior problems, and boys and girls were studied separately. The main result was that inhibition was strongly related to ADHD symptoms both in school and at home for boys, but only in the school context for girls. Early inhibition was also significantly related to later executive functioning, and concurrent relations were found between executive functioning and ADHD symptoms, although in both cases only for boys. Besides this, inhibition added significantly to the variance, beyond that of executive functioning, which meant that for boys, inhibition and the other executive functioning explained about half the variance in inattention problems. The stronger relation between inhibition, executive functioning and ADHD symptoms for boys compared to girls could suggests that either the predictors of ADHD are different for the two sexes, or girls are more often equipped with some factor that protects them from developing ADHD symptoms, despite poor executive functioning. However, it is also possible that relations are just harder to demonstrate for girls due to their lower incidence of disruptive problem behaviors.
本研究探讨了早在学龄前测量的抑制能力是否能够预测学龄期更广泛的执行功能和多动症症状。与之前的研究不同，本研究特别关注多动症症状而非一般的破坏性行为问题，并且分别对男孩和女孩进行了研究。主要结果是，抑制能力与男孩在学校和家中的多动症症状都密切相关，但仅与女孩在学校环境中的多动症症状相关。早期抑制能力也与后期的执行功能显著相关，并且在执行功能和多动症症状之间发现了同时存在的关系，不过这两种情况都仅适用于男孩。除此之外，抑制能力对变异的解释力显著超过执行功能，这意味着对于男孩来说，抑制能力和其他执行功能解释了注意力不集中问题中约一半的变异。与女孩相比，男孩的抑制能力、执行功能和多动症症状之间的关系更强，这可能表明多动症的预测因素在两性中有所不同，或者女孩更常具备某种因素，使她们尽管执行功能较差但仍能避免出现多动症症状。然而，也有可能由于女孩破坏性行为问题的发生率较低，导致这些关系更难得到证实。
