de Leeuw A N S, Forrester G J, Spyvee P D, Brash M G I, Delahay R J
Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK.
Vet J. 2004 Mar;167(2):186-93. doi: 10.1016/S1090-0233(03)00113-8.
The refinement of anaesthetic regimes is central to improving the welfare of captured wildlife. The Eurasian badger (Meles meles) has been the subject of an intensive long-term ecological and epidemiological study at Woodchester Park, Gloucestershire, England. During routine trapping operations (June 21st, 2000-January 23rd, 2001) an experimental trial was conducted on 89 badgers to compare the physiological effects of anaesthesia using ketamine hydrochloride alone, and in conjunction with medetomidine hydrochloride and butorphanol tartrate. The mixture induced a significantly longer period of anaesthesia, and either substantially reduced or eliminated the adverse effects associated with ketamine anaesthesia (e.g., excessive salivation, bouts of sneezing, rough recoveries, and muscle rigidity). In a sub-sample of badgers given the mixture, anaesthesia was reversed using atipamezole hydrochloride. Under ketamine anaesthesia, heart rates were initially significantly higher and respiration rates were consistently higher, than in badgers given the mixture. In all badgers heart rates declined and respiration rates increased during anaesthesia, but the rate of change was greatest in animals given only ketamine. Overall, the mixture provided a more balanced anaesthesia characterised by muscle relaxation and complete unconsciousness.
优化麻醉方案对于提高被捕野生动物的福利至关重要。欧亚獾（Meles meles）一直是英国格洛斯特郡伍德切斯特公园一项长期深入的生态与流行病学研究的对象。在常规诱捕行动期间（2000年6月21日至2001年1月23日），对89只獾进行了一项实验性试验，以比较单独使用盐酸氯胺酮，以及联合使用盐酸美托咪定和酒石酸布托啡诺进行麻醉的生理效果。这种混合物诱导的麻醉时间显著更长，并且基本上减少或消除了与氯胺酮麻醉相关的不良反应（例如，唾液分泌过多、阵阵打喷嚏、苏醒困难和肌肉僵硬）。在给予这种混合物的獾的一个子样本中，使用盐酸阿替美唑逆转麻醉。在氯胺酮麻醉下，獾的心率最初显著更高，呼吸频率持续更高，而给予混合物的獾则不然。在所有獾中，麻醉期间心率下降，呼吸频率增加，但仅给予氯胺酮的动物变化率最大。总体而言，这种混合物提供了一种更平衡的麻醉状态，其特点是肌肉松弛和完全失去意识。
