Blanchard Edward B, Kuhn Eric, Rowell Dianna L, Hickling Edward J, Wittrock David, Rogers Rebecca L, Johnson Michelle R, Steckler Debra C
Center for Stress and Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychology, University at Albany-SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue Albany, NY 12222 0001, USA.
Behav Res Ther. 2004 Feb;42(2):191-205. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00118-9.
From mid-October 2001 through the end of November 2001, we collected fairly large sets of questionnaires from undergraduates at three public universities (Albany, NY, n = 507, Augusta, GA, n = 336, Fargo, ND, n = 526 ) to assess rate of acute stress disorder (ASD) and level of ASD symptoms following the September 11th attacks, rate of current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and level of PTSD symptoms, and current level of depressive symptoms resulting from the September 11th attacks. We also gathered information on exposure to media coverage of the attacks, connectedness to the World Trade Center (WTC) and personnel there, and degree of engagement in reparative acts such as giving blood, attending vigils. We found higher levels of ASD, ASD symptoms, PTSD and PTSD symptoms as a function of geographical proximity to New York City (and within the Albany site, proximity of students' homes) and gender. Exposure (hours of TV watched) was a predictor in some instances as was connectedness to WTC victims. ASD symptoms were the strongest predictor of subsequent PTSD symptoms. Path models accounted for over 60% of the variance in PTSD symptoms.
从2001年10月中旬到2001年11月底，我们从三所公立大学（纽约州奥尔巴尼，n = 507；佐治亚州奥古斯塔，n = 336；北达科他州法戈，n = 526）的本科生中收集了相当多的问卷，以评估“9·11”袭击后急性应激障碍（ASD）的发生率和ASD症状水平、当前创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的发生率和PTSD症状水平，以及“9·11”袭击导致的当前抑郁症状水平。我们还收集了有关接触袭击事件媒体报道、与世界贸易中心（WTC）及其工作人员的联系，以及参与献血、参加守夜等补救行为程度的信息。我们发现，ASD、ASD症状、PTSD和PTSD症状的水平因与纽约市的地理距离（以及在奥尔巴尼地区内，学生家庭的距离）和性别而异。在某些情况下，接触（看电视的时长）是一个预测因素，与世贸中心受害者的联系也是如此。ASD症状是后续PTSD症状的最强预测因素。路径模型解释了PTSD症状中超过60%的变异。
