Freeman Jeremy L
Children's Epilepsy Program, Department of Neurology and Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Epileptic Disord. 2003 Dec;5(4):177-86.
The hypothalamus is involved in a variety of autonomic, endocrine, neurological and behavioural functions including temperature, osmostatic and autonomic nervous system regulation, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal and gonadal control, thirst, appetite and weight control, memory and emotional behaviour including aggression and laughter, and biological (circadian) rhythms. The functional anatomy of the hypothalamus and its major afferent and efferent neurological connections are described, with particular reference to hypothalamic hamartomas (HH), gelastic seizures, MRI of the hypothalamus, and potential effects of surgery for HH. Normal development of the hypothalamus is reviewed in relation to models of forebrain development, descriptive hypothalamic embryology and the importance of known transcription factors. Potential environmental antecedents to HH development are discussed, and the significance for sporadic, isolated HH of several syndromes associated with HH is explored.
下丘脑参与多种自主神经、内分泌、神经和行为功能，包括体温、渗透压和自主神经系统调节、垂体、甲状腺、肾上腺和性腺控制、口渴、食欲和体重控制、记忆以及包括攻击和笑在内的情绪行为，还有生物（昼夜）节律。描述了下丘脑的功能解剖及其主要的传入和传出神经连接，特别提及下丘脑错构瘤（HH）、痴笑性癫痫、下丘脑的磁共振成像以及HH手术的潜在影响。结合前脑发育模型、描述性下丘脑胚胎学以及已知转录因子的重要性，回顾了下丘脑的正常发育。讨论了HH发生的潜在环境因素，并探讨了与HH相关的几种综合征对散发性孤立性HH的意义。
