Goel Vinod, Shuren Jeffrey, Sheesley Laura, Grafman Jordan
Cognitive Neuroscience Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Brain. 2004 Apr;127(Pt 4):783-90. doi: 10.1093/brain/awh086. Epub 2004 Feb 19.
The frontal lobes are widely implicated in logical reasoning. Recent neuroimaging studies suggest that frontal lobe involvement in reasoning is asymmetric (L>R) and increases with the presence of familiar, meaningful content in the reasoning situation. However, neuroimaging data can only provide sufficiency criteria. To determine the necessity of prefrontal involvement in logical reasoning, we tested 19 patients with focal frontal lobe lesions and 19 age- and education-matched normal controls on the Wason Card Selection Task, while manipulating social knowledge. Patients and controls performed equivalently on the arbitrary rule condition. Normal controls showed the expected improvement in the social knowledge conditions, but frontal lobe patients failed to show this facilitation in performance. Furthermore, left hemisphere patients were more affected than right hemisphere patients, suggesting that frontal lobe involvement in reasoning is asymmetric (L>R) and necessary for reasoning about social situations.
额叶广泛参与逻辑推理。最近的神经影像学研究表明，额叶在推理中的参与是不对称的（左>右），并且随着推理情境中熟悉、有意义内容的出现而增加。然而，神经影像学数据只能提供充分性标准。为了确定前额叶参与逻辑推理的必要性，我们在操纵社会知识的情况下，对19名患有局灶性额叶病变的患者和19名年龄及教育程度匹配的正常对照者进行了沃森卡片选择任务测试。患者和对照者在任意规则条件下表现相当。正常对照者在社会知识条件下表现出预期的改善，但额叶病变患者在表现上未能表现出这种促进作用。此外，左半球患者比右半球患者受影响更大，这表明额叶参与推理是不对称的（左>右），并且对于社会情境的推理是必要的。
