Nedveckaite T, Filistovic V, Mastauskas A, Thiessen K
Institute of Physics, Savanoriu 231, Lt-2058, Lithuania.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2004;108(2):133-41. doi: 10.1093/rpd/nch016.
According to World Health Organization guidelines (WHO/SDE/PHE/99.6), the reference level for consideration in stable iodine prophylaxis is based on the inhalation exposure pathway. In the western trace of the Chernobyl accident, the measurement of airborne (131)I fractions (aerosol-associated, gaseous reactive and gaseous organic) indicates that airborne gaseous reactive and, especially, organic (131)I fractions were the major contributors to thyroid exposure due to inhalation. The contribution of inhaled short-lived radioiodines was negligible. To attain more precise thyroid exposure evaluation, (131)I dose factors were determined as a function of age and prevalence of stable iodine deficiency. The results demonstrate that children with a stable iodine deficiency experienced at least two times higher thyroid doses than did children with a dietary iodine sufficiency. The results of these investigations demonstrate that in thyroid dosimetry it is important to know the stable iodine status as well as to have a standardised method for airborne radioiodine measurements, especially for consideration of stable iodine prophylaxis based on the inhalation exposure pathway.
根据世界卫生组织的指导方针（WHO/SDE/PHE/99.6），稳定碘预防考虑的参考水平基于吸入暴露途径。在切尔诺贝利事故的西部地区，对空气中（131）碘组分（气溶胶相关、气态反应性和气态有机）的测量表明，空气中气态反应性碘，尤其是有机（131）碘组分是吸入导致甲状腺暴露的主要因素。吸入的短寿命放射性碘的贡献可忽略不计。为了获得更精确的甲状腺暴露评估，根据年龄和稳定碘缺乏患病率确定了（131）碘剂量系数。结果表明，稳定碘缺乏的儿童所受甲状腺剂量比饮食碘充足的儿童至少高两倍。这些调查结果表明，在甲状腺剂量测定中，了解稳定碘状况以及拥有标准化的空气中放射性碘测量方法非常重要，特别是在基于吸入暴露途径考虑稳定碘预防时。
