Gowda N K S, Ramana J V, Prasad C S, Singh Khub
National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India 560 030.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2004 Jan;36(1):77-94. doi: 10.1023/b:trop.0000009522.30949.1d.
The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies.
对印度南部现有的常规和非常规饲料及草料资源中的灰分、二氧化硅和某些重要的微量营养素进行了估算。常用的干粗饲料，如稻草、龙爪稷秸秆、玉米秸/茎、高粱秸/茎、珍珠粟秸秆和麦秸，灰分含量较高（9.9%±0.77%），二氧化硅含量较高（6.4%±0.65%），除铁之外的大多数其他微量营养素含量较低，稻草中的二氧化硅含量最高（>9%）。种植的非豆科作物（玉米、高粱）和改良的绿色作物（杂交象草、几内亚草、绿黍、NB - 21、CO - 1）灰分含量也较高（10.5%±0.60%和12.5%±0.51%），但磷、镁和铜含量中等，锌含量较高（98±13.8 ppm和55±6.7 ppm）。豆科绿色饲料（柱花草、苜蓿、豇豆、大豆）是钙（1.9%±0.16%）、镁（0.40%±0.05%）、铜（30±5.2 ppm）、锌（121±14.7 ppm）和铁（1234±166 ppm）的优质来源，磷含量中等。当地的混合草和杂草二氧化硅含量较高（6.9%±1.00%），但铜、锌和铁含量较高。谷物（玉米、小麦、水稻、龙爪稷）灰分含量较低（2.9%±
