Kumar Dinesh, Datt Chander, Das L K, Kundu S S
Department of Animal Nutrition, Centre of Advanced Faculty Training in Animal Nutrition, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Division of Dairy Cattle Nutrition, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
Vet World. 2015 May;8(5):605-9. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.605-609. Epub 2015 May 14.
The aim was to determine the chemical composition and metabolisable energy (ME) content of feedstuffs used in ruminant animals using in vitro method.
A total of 18 feedstuffs used for ruminant feeding including cultivated non-leguminous fodders like maize, sorghum, pearl millet, and oat; leguminous fodders like cowpea and berseem; agro-industrial by-products such as wheat bran, deoiled rice bran, rice polish, wheat straw, and concentrates such as mustard oil cake, groundnut cake, soybean meal, cotton seed cake, grains like maize, oat, wheat, and barley were taken for this study. Chemical compositions and cell wall constituents of test feeds were determined in triplicate. The crude protein (CP) content was calculated as nitrogen (N) × 6.25. True dry matter digestibility (TDMD), true organic matter digestibility (TOMD), ME, and partitioning factor (PF) values were determined by in vitro gas production technique (IVGPT).
The CP content of non-leguminous fodders varied from 7.29% (sorghum) to 9.51% (maize), but leguminous fodders had less variation in CP. Oilseed cakes/meals had high CP and ether extract (EE) content than other feedstuffs except rice polish, which had 12.80% EE. Wheat straw contained highest fiber fractions than the other ingredients. ME content was highest in grains (wheat-12.02 MJ/kg) and lowest in wheat straw (4.65 MJ/kg) and other roughages. TDMD of grains and oilseed cakes/meals were higher than the fodders and agro-industrial by-products. The same trend was observed for TOMD.
It was concluded that the energy feeds showed a great variation in chemical composition and ME content. The results of this study demonstrated that the kinetics of gas production of energy feed sources differed among themselves. Evaluation of various feedstuffs is helpful in balanced ration formulation for field animals and under farm conditions for better utilization of these commonly available feed resources.
旨在采用体外法测定反刍动物所用饲料原料的化学成分和代谢能（ME）含量。
本研究选取了18种用于反刍动物饲养的饲料原料，包括玉米、高粱、珍珠粟和燕麦等栽培非豆科饲料；豇豆和埃及三叶草等豆科饲料；麦麸、脱脂米糠、米糠、麦秸等农产品加工副产品，以及芥子油饼、花生饼、豆粕、棉籽饼等浓缩饲料，还有玉米、燕麦、小麦和大麦等谷物。对试验饲料的化学成分和细胞壁成分进行了三次重复测定。粗蛋白（CP）含量按氮（N）×6.25计算。采用体外产气技术（IVGPT）测定真干物质消化率（TDMD）、真有机物消化率（TOMD）、ME和分配系数（PF）值。
非豆科饲料的CP含量在7.29%（高粱）至9.51%（玉米）之间变化，但豆科饲料的CP含量变化较小。除米糠（EE含量为12.80%）外，油籽饼/粕的CP和乙醚提取物（EE）含量高于其他饲料原料。麦秸的纤维组分含量高于其他成分。谷物中的ME含量最高（小麦为12.02 MJ/kg），麦秸（4.65 MJ/kg）和其他粗饲料中的ME含量最低。谷物和油籽饼/粕的TDMD高于饲料和农产品加工副产品。TOMD也呈现相同趋势。
得出能量饲料在化学成分和ME含量上存在很大差异的结论。本研究结果表明，能量饲料来源的产气动力学彼此不同。对各种饲料原料进行评估有助于在田间动物和农场条件下制定平衡日粮，以便更好地利用这些常见的饲料资源。
