Byczek Lance, Walton Surrey M, Conrad Karen M, Reichelt Paul A, Samo Daniel G
Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
AAOHN J. 2004 Feb;52(2):66-76.
Limited cardiovascular risk data are available for firefighters. This cross sectional study of data collected during annual physical examinations described the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among firefighters (N = 200) and examined relationships between body mass index (BMI) and other cardiovascular risk factors. Evidence based guidelines were used to determine prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and Framingham risk scoring was used to estimate probability of coronary heart disease (CHD). Firefighters ranged in age from 22 to 64 with a mean of 41. The prevalence of obesity, elevated total cholesterol, and elevated blood pressure in firefighters exceeded Healthy People 2010 targets. In addition, their prevalence of obesity, low high density lipoprotein (HDL), high low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high total cholesterol levels was higher relative to the general population. Elevated body mass index (BMI) values had positive significant (p < or = .01) associations with elevated blood pressures, triglycerides, and glucose levels, and a negative significant (p < .05) association with lower HDL cholesterol levels. Fire department worksite health and fitness policies and programs should proactively target firefighters' cardiovascular risks. Future firefighter related intervention research will benefit from considering not only the individual determinants of cardiovascular disease, but also the ecological framework that includes the influences of workplace and external environmental factors.
目前关于消防员心血管风险的数据有限。这项对年度体检收集的数据进行的横断面研究描述了消防员（N = 200）中心血管危险因素的患病率，并研究了体重指数（BMI）与其他心血管危险因素之间的关系。基于证据的指南用于确定心血管危险因素的患病率，弗明汉风险评分用于估计冠心病（CHD）的概率。消防员年龄在22岁至64岁之间，平均年龄为41岁。消防员中肥胖、总胆固醇升高和血压升高的患病率超过了《健康人民2010》的目标。此外，相对于普通人群，他们肥胖、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）低、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）高和总胆固醇水平高的患病率更高。体重指数（BMI）值升高与血压升高、甘油三酯和血糖水平呈显著正相关（p≤0.01），与较低的HDL胆固醇水平呈显著负相关（p < 0.05）。消防部门工作场所的健康和健身政策及计划应积极针对消防员的心血管风险。未来与消防员相关的干预研究不仅应考虑心血管疾病的个体决定因素，还应考虑包括工作场所和外部环境因素影响的生态框架，这将从中受益。
