Moffatt Steven M, Stewart Donald F, Jack Kepra, Dudar Monique D, Bode Emilie D, Mathias Kevin C, Smith Denise L
Public Safety Medical, 6612 East 75th Street 2nd Floor, Indianapolis, IN 46250, USA.
Public Safety Occupational Health Center, 12099 Government Center Parkway, Fairfax, VA 22035, USA.
Prev Med Rep. 2021 Jul 14;23:101492. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101492. eCollection 2021 Sep.
Firefighting is strenuous work that results in considerable cardiovascular strain. Sudden cardiac events are the leading cause of duty-related death in the fire service. This cross-sectional study examined cardiometabolic measures and prevalence of risk factors in firefighters by age and sex and compare these data to the general population. Data obtained at medical exams (2015-2018) from 4279 male and 234 female career firefighters at four occupational health clinics in the United States were analyzed. Estimates for the general population were obtained using the 2015-16 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey fasting subsample. Linear regression models stratified by sex with age modelled as a continuous variable were used to examine general trends. Point estimates across age groups (20-29, 30-39, 40-49, and 50-59 year olds) for cardiometabolic measures were reported. Among the total sample, 36% were obese and 25% had low HDL cholesterol. Females had significantly lower body mass index (BMI), LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and blood glucose than males. A significant quadratic relationship of age with BMI, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides was found in males with increasing values peaking between 45 and 50 years. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol increased with age among females. Blood glucose increased with age in both sexes. Firefighters had similar or better cardiometabolic health profiles than the US general population; however, both samples had a concerning prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors among individuals ≥ 40 years of age. Health professionals and fire service members alike should consider prevention efforts among young firefighters and better treatment among older firefighters.
灭火是一项艰苦的工作，会导致相当大的心血管压力。心脏突发事件是消防部门与工作相关死亡的主要原因。这项横断面研究按年龄和性别检查了消防员的心脏代谢指标和危险因素患病率，并将这些数据与普通人群进行了比较。分析了2015年至2018年期间在美国四个职业健康诊所对4279名男性和234名女性职业消防员进行医学检查时获得的数据。使用2015 - 16年国家健康和营养检查调查空腹子样本获得普通人群的估计值。使用按性别分层且将年龄建模为连续变量的线性回归模型来研究总体趋势。报告了各年龄组（20 - 29岁、30 - 39岁、40 - 49岁和50 - 59岁）的心脏代谢指标点估计值。在总样本中，36%的人肥胖，25%的人高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平低。女性的体重指数（BMI）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯和血糖显著低于男性。在男性中发现年龄与BMI、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯之间存在显著的二次关系，值在45至50岁之间达到峰值。女性的总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇随年龄增加。男女两性的血糖均随年龄增加。消防员的心脏代谢健康状况与美国普通人群相似或更好；然而，两个样本中40岁及以上个体的心脏代谢危险因素患病率都令人担忧。卫生专业人员和消防部门成员都应考虑对年轻消防员进行预防工作，并对年长消防员进行更好的治疗。
