Tortorello Mary L
US Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Food Safety and Technology, 6502 South Archer Rd, Summit-Argo, IL 60501, USA.
J AOAC Int. 2003 Nov-Dec;86(6):1208-17.
Indicator organisms have been used for nearly a century to assess the microbiological status of water and foods. Beginning with their use in water sanitation programs, their applications have been extended over the years to other products, and they have become important components of the microbiological testing programs of both industry and regulatory agencies. Functionally, they may be viewed as safety or quality indicators. Safety indicators suggest the presence of conditions associated with increased risk of exposure to a pathogen. Quality indicators assess conditions of importance to product manufacture or consumer acceptability. This minireview summarizes the history, use, and analytical methods for the most commonly used indicator organisms, including the aerobic plate count, yeasts and molds, the coliform groups,
指示微生物已被用于评估水和食品的微生物状况近一个世纪了。从它们在水卫生项目中的使用开始，多年来其应用已扩展到其他产品，并且它们已成为工业和监管机构微生物检测项目的重要组成部分。在功能上，它们可被视为安全或质量指标。安全指标表明存在与接触病原体风险增加相关的条件。质量指标评估对产品制造或消费者可接受性至关重要的条件。本综述总结了最常用指示微生物的历史、用途和分析方法，包括需氧平板计数、酵母和霉菌、大肠菌群。
