Hsee Christopher K, Rottenstreich Yuval
Center for Decision Research, Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago, 1101 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2004 Mar;133(1):23-30. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.133.1.23.
This research investigated the relationship between the magnitude or scope of a stimulus and its subjective value by contrasting 2 psychological processes that may be used to construct preferences: valuation by feeling and valuation by calculation. The results show that when people rely on feeling, they are sensitive to the presence or absence of a stimulus (i.e., the difference between 0 and some scope) but are largely insensitive to further variations of scope. In contrast, when people rely on calculation, they reveal relatively more constant sensitivity to scope. Thus, value is nearly a step function of scope when feeling predominates and is closer to a linear function when calculation predominates. These findings may allow for a novel interpretation of why most real-world value functions are concave and how the processes responsible for nonlinearity of value may also contribute to nonlinear probability weighting.
凭感觉估值和通过计算估值，来探究刺激的大小或范围与其主观价值之间的关系。结果表明，当人们依靠感觉时，他们对刺激的存在或不存在（即0与某个范围之间的差异）敏感，但对范围的进一步变化基本不敏感。相比之下，当人们依靠计算时，他们对范围表现出相对更恒定的敏感性。因此，当感觉占主导时，价值几乎是范围的阶梯函数，而当计算占主导时，价值更接近线性函数。这些发现可能有助于对为何大多数现实世界的价值函数是凹形的以及负责价值非线性的过程如何也可能导致非线性概率加权进行全新的解释。
