Redline Susan, Kirchner H Lester, Quan Stuart F, Gottlieb Daniel J, Kapur Vishesh, Newman Anne
Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Arch Intern Med. 2004 Feb 23;164(4):406-18. doi: 10.1001/archinte.164.4.406.
Polysomnography is used to assess sleep quality and to gauge the functional effect of sleep disorders. Few population-based data are available to estimate the variation in sleep architecture across the population and the extent to which sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), a common health condition, contributes to poor sleep independent of other factors. The objective of this study was to describe the population variability in sleep quality and to quantify the independent associations with SDB.
Cross-sectional analyses were performed on data from 2685 participants, aged 37 to 92 years, in a community-based multicenter cohort study. Dependent measures included the percentage time in each sleep stage, the arousal index, and sleep efficiency. Independent measures were age, sex, ethnicity, comorbidity status, and the respiratory disturbance index.
Lighter sleep was found in men relative to women and in American Indians and blacks relative to other ethnic groups. Increasing age was associated with impaired sleep in men, with less consistent associations in women. Notably, women had, on average, 106% more slow wave sleep. Sleep-disordered breathing was associated with poorer sleep; however, these associations were generally smaller than associations with sex, ethnicity, and age. Current smokers had lighter sleep than ex-smokers or never smokers. Obesity had little effect on sleep.
Sleep architecture varies with sex, age, ethnicity, and SDB. Individual assessment of the effect of SDB on sleep quality needs to account for other host characteristics. Men, but not women, show evidence of poorer sleep with aging, suggesting important sex differences in sleep physiology.
多导睡眠图用于评估睡眠质量并衡量睡眠障碍的功能影响。目前几乎没有基于人群的数据可用于估计全人群睡眠结构的变化情况，以及睡眠呼吸障碍（一种常见的健康状况）在独立于其他因素的情况下对睡眠不佳的影响程度。本研究的目的是描述睡眠质量的人群变异性，并量化与睡眠呼吸障碍的独立关联。
对一项基于社区的多中心队列研究中2685名年龄在37至92岁之间的参与者的数据进行横断面分析。相关测量指标包括每个睡眠阶段的时间百分比、觉醒指数和睡眠效率。独立测量指标为年龄、性别、种族、合并症状态和呼吸紊乱指数。
相对于女性，男性的睡眠较浅；相对于其他种族群体，美国印第安人和黑人的睡眠较浅。年龄增长与男性睡眠受损有关，而在女性中这种关联不太一致。值得注意的是，女性的慢波睡眠平均多出106%。睡眠呼吸障碍与较差的睡眠有关；然而，这些关联通常小于与性别、种族和年龄的关联。当前吸烟者的睡眠比既往吸烟者或从不吸烟者浅。肥胖对睡眠影响不大。
睡眠结构因性别、年龄、种族和睡眠呼吸障碍而异。对睡眠呼吸障碍对睡眠质量影响的个体评估需要考虑其他个体特征。男性而非女性随着年龄增长出现睡眠较差的迹象，这表明睡眠生理学存在重要的性别差异。
