Holick Michael F
Vitamin D, Skin, and Bone Research Laboratory, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118-2394, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Mar;79(3):362-71. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/79.3.362.
The purpose of this review is to put into perspective the many health benefits of vitamin D and the role of vitamin D deficiency in increasing the risk of many common and serious diseases, including some common cancers, type 1 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. Numerous epidemiologic studies suggest that exposure to sunlight, which enhances the production of vitamin D(3) in the skin, is important in preventing many chronic diseases. Because very few foods naturally contain vitamin D, sunlight supplies most of our vitamin D requirement. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is the metabolite that should be measured in the blood to determine vitamin D status. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in infants who are solely breastfed and who do not receive vitamin D supplementation and in adults of all ages who have increased skin pigmentation or who always wear sun protection or limit their outdoor activities. Vitamin D deficiency is often misdiagnosed as fibromyalgia. A new dietary source of vitamin D is orange juice fortified with vitamin D. Studies in both human and animal models add strength to the hypothesis that the unrecognized epidemic of vitamin D deficiency worldwide is a contributing factor of many chronic debilitating diseases. Greater awareness of the insidious consequences of vitamin D deficiency is needed. Annual measurement of serum 25(OH)D is a reasonable approach to monitoring for vitamin D deficiency. The recommended adequate intakes for vitamin D are inadequate, and, in the absence of exposure to sunlight, a minimum of 1000 IU vitamin D/d is required to maintain a healthy concentration of 25(OH)D in the blood.
本综述的目的是正确看待维生素D对健康的诸多益处，以及维生素D缺乏在增加许多常见严重疾病风险方面所起的作用，这些疾病包括某些常见癌症、1型糖尿病、心血管疾病和骨质疏松症。大量流行病学研究表明，暴露于阳光（可增强皮肤中维生素D(3)的生成）对预防许多慢性疾病很重要。由于极少有食物天然含有维生素D，阳光提供了我们大部分的维生素D需求。25-羟基维生素D[25(OH)D]是应在血液中检测以确定维生素D状态的代谢产物。维生素D缺乏在纯母乳喂养且未补充维生素D的婴儿中普遍存在，在所有年龄段皮肤色素沉着增加、总是涂抹防晒用品或限制户外活动的成年人中也很常见。维生素D缺乏常被误诊为纤维肌痛。一种新的维生素D膳食来源是添加了维生素D的橙汁。对人类和动物模型的研究进一步支持了以下假说：全球未被认识到的维生素D缺乏流行是许多慢性衰弱性疾病的一个促成因素。需要提高对维生素D缺乏潜在后果的认识。每年检测血清25(OH)D是监测维生素D缺乏的合理方法。维生素D的推荐充足摄入量并不够，在没有阳光照射的情况下，每天至少需要1000国际单位的维生素D才能维持血液中25(OH)D的健康浓度。
