不同国家的皮肤标记标准。
Criteria for skin notation in different countries.
作者信息
Nielsen Jesper B, Grandjean Philippe
机构信息
Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark.
出版信息
Am J Ind Med. 2004 Mar;45(3):275-80. doi: 10.1002/ajim.10340.
BACKGROUND
Skin notation criteria was introduced almost 50 years ago as a qualitative indicator of a hazard related to dermal absorption at work. However, risk is not a qualitative term, but needs a quantitative measure to be useful for prevention. For this reason, some countries have developed alternative criteria for assigning skin notations to industrial chemicals.
METHODS
The present analysis compares the current use of skin notations on lists of exposure limits for industrial chemicals in six countries.
RESULTS
Up to one-third of industrial chemicals listed now have a skin notation. The criteria for assigning skin notation differ but cannot explain the substantial discrepancies between countries that otherwise have very comparable occupational exposure limits (OELs).
CONCLUSIONS
The increasing number of chemicals with a skin notation requires a new approach to differentiating between degrees of risk. The first step will be to address the problems related to criteria for assigning skin notations, and the effect of penetration enhancers and mixtures.
背景
皮肤标注标准大约在50年前被引入，作为工作中与皮肤吸收相关危害的定性指标。然而，风险不是一个定性术语，而是需要定量测量才能对预防有用。因此，一些国家已经制定了将皮肤标注应用于工业化学品的替代标准。
方法
本分析比较了六个国家工业化学品接触限值清单上皮肤标注的当前使用情况。
结果
目前列出的工业化学品中，多达三分之一有皮肤标注。分配皮肤标注的标准各不相同，但无法解释在职业接触限值（OELs）非常可比的国家之间存在的巨大差异。
结论
有皮肤标注的化学品数量不断增加，需要一种新方法来区分风险程度。第一步将是解决与皮肤标注标准、渗透促进剂和混合物的影响相关的问题。
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