Sartorelli P
Occupational Medicine Institute, University of Siena, Italy.
Occup Med (Lond). 2002 May;52(3):151-6. doi: 10.1093/occmed/52.3.151.
The importance of dermal exposure has increased during the last few years, mainly because of the reduction of respiratory exposure to toxicants. Pesticides, aromatic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are considered to be the chemicals at highest dermal risk. In the occupational exposure limit lists of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) and of many countries, compounds that can be absorbed through the skin are identified by a skin notation. However, a generally accepted criterion for assigning skin notation does not exist. The recent attempts to develop health-based dermal occupational exposure limits (DOELs) have not been accepted, thus in practice their use has remained limited. To predict the systemic risk associated with dermal exposure and to enable agencies to set safety standards, penetration data are needed. Moreover, there is a need for a practical risk assessment model, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises.
在过去几年中，皮肤接触的重要性有所增加，主要是因为呼吸道对有毒物质的接触减少了。农药、芳香胺和多环芳烃被认为是皮肤风险最高的化学物质。在美国政府工业卫生学家会议（ACGIH）以及许多国家的职业接触限值清单中，可通过皮肤吸收的化合物用皮肤标识来识别。然而，目前还不存在一个普遍接受的指定皮肤标识的标准。最近制定基于健康的皮肤职业接触限值（DOELs）的尝试未被接受，因此在实际应用中其使用仍然有限。为了预测与皮肤接触相关的全身风险并使机构能够制定安全标准，需要渗透数据。此外，还需要一个实用的风险评估模型，特别是针对中小企业。
