Esteban José A
Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Mol Interv. 2003 Oct;3(7):375-85. doi: 10.1124/mi.3.7.375.
Most excitatory transmission in the brain is mediated by alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors (AMPA receptors). Therefore, the presence of these receptors at synapses has to be carefully regulated in order to ensure correct neuronal communication. Interestingly, AMPA receptors are not static components of synapses. On the contrary, they are continuously being delivered and removed in and out of synapses in response to neuronal activity. This dynamic behavior of AMPA receptors is an important mechanism to modify synaptic strength during brain development and also during experience-dependent plasticity. AMPA receptor trafficking involves an intricate network of protein-protein interactions that start with the biosynthesis of the receptors, continues with their transport along dendrites, and ends with their local insertion and removal from synapses. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate each of these processes, and their importance for synaptic plasticity, are now starting to be unraveled.
大脑中的大多数兴奋性传递是由α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异恶唑丙酸（AMPA）型谷氨酸受体（AMPA受体）介导的。因此，为确保正确的神经元通讯，必须仔细调节这些受体在突触处的存在。有趣的是，AMPA受体并非突触的静态组成部分。相反，它们会根据神经元活动不断地进出突触。AMPA受体的这种动态行为是在大脑发育以及经验依赖性可塑性过程中改变突触强度的重要机制。AMPA受体运输涉及复杂的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络，该网络始于受体的生物合成，接着是它们沿树突的运输，并以它们在突触处的局部插入和移除结束。调节这些过程中每一个过程的分子和细胞机制及其对突触可塑性的重要性，现在正开始被揭示。
