Sprengel Rolf
Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
Cell Tissue Res. 2006 Nov;326(2):447-55. doi: 10.1007/s00441-006-0275-4. Epub 2006 Aug 1.
The alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors are the principal molecular units for fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. The glutamate-mediated transmission efficiency of synaptic AMPA receptors is influenced by their subunit composition (GluR-A to GluR-D), post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications, the number of synaptic AMPA receptors, and auxiliary proteins. Functional AMPA receptors are located predominantly in the post-synapse but are also found at extra-synaptic sites and occasionally in the pre-synapse. Thus, many factors influence the tasks of AMPA receptors in neuronal signal transmission. At hippocampal synaptic connections, AMPA receptor functions have been well studied in vitro and in the mouse; however, it is unlikely that these observations can be generalized to all glutamatergic synapses in the brain.
α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异恶唑丙酸（AMPA）受体是中枢神经系统中快速兴奋性突触传递的主要分子单元。突触AMPA受体的谷氨酸介导的传递效率受其亚基组成（GluR-A至GluR-D）、转录后和翻译后修饰、突触AMPA受体数量以及辅助蛋白的影响。功能性AMPA受体主要位于突触后，但也存在于突触外位点，偶尔也存在于突触前。因此，许多因素影响AMPA受体在神经元信号传递中的作用。在海马突触连接中，AMPA受体的功能已在体外和小鼠中得到充分研究；然而，这些观察结果不太可能推广到大脑中的所有谷氨酸能突触。
