Hospice as an alternative model of care for older patients with end-stage heart failure.

The end of life for patients with end-stage heart failure is often characterized by pain, shortness of breath, and diminished quality of life, indicating a lack of adequate care necessary for patients to experience a good death. The vast majority of those who die from heart failure are 65 or older and potentially eligible for the Medicare Hospice Benefit. Yet, only about 10% of patients with end-stage heart failure actually enroll in hospice programs. Lack of enrollment into hospice has been attributed to a variety of factors including a lack of understanding of the availability of hospice as an option for those with heart failure. While improving models of care for patients with heart failure has been of great interest during the last two decades, little is known about the benefits of hospice as a model for care in patients with end-stage heart failure. Nursing must participate in research that explores options of either improving current models of care or developing new and improved models of care for patients with heart failure.