Purdy L H, Schmidt R A
Plant Pathology Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 1996;34:573-94. doi: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.34.1.573.
Origins of Theobroma cacao and Crinipellis perniciosa occurred in the Amazon Basin region of South America, and their interaction, the witches' broom disease, was first described in the late 1700s. The 100 years of scientific investigations of witches' broom of cacao that began in the 1890s developed the present state of knowledge of the biology and epidemiology of witches' broom that are discussed. Recommended management to reduce the deleterious effects of witches' broom on cacao production include the use of phytosanitation (removal of diseased plant parts), applications of chemical fungicides, and the use of host resistance. At present, there is a paucity of resistant planting materials, and efforts to evaluate germplasm for resistance to witches' broom are described. Research topics to augment present knowledge about witches' broom of cacao are presented with the hope that disease management can be improved.
可可树和可可丛枝病菌的起源都在南美洲的亚马逊盆地地区，它们之间的相互作用——可可丛枝病，最早在18世纪后期被描述。从19世纪90年代开始的对可可丛枝病长达100年的科学研究，发展了目前关于可可丛枝病生物学和流行病学的知识现状，本文将对此进行讨论。为减少可可丛枝病对可可生产的有害影响而推荐的管理措施包括使用植物卫生措施（去除患病植物部分）、施用化学杀菌剂以及利用寄主抗性。目前，抗性种植材料匮乏，文中描述了评估种质对可可丛枝病抗性的努力。本文还提出了一些研究课题，以增进对可可丛枝病的现有认识，希望能改善病害管理。
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