失忆性贝类毒素

Amnesic shellfish poison.

作者信息

Jeffery B, Barlow T, Moizer K, Paul S, Boyle C

机构信息

Food Standards Agency, Aviation House, 125 Kingsway, London WC2B 6NH, UK.

出版信息

Food Chem Toxicol. 2004 Apr;42(4):545-57. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2003.11.010.

DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2003.11.010

PMID:15019178

Abstract

Amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) is caused by consumption of shellfish that have accumulated domoic acid, a neurotoxin produced by some strains of phytoplankton. The neurotoxic properties of domoic acid result in neuronal degeneration and necrosis in specific regions of the hippocampus. A serious outbreak of ASP occurred in Canada in 1987 and involved 150 reported cases, 19 hospitalisations and 4 deaths after consumption of contaminated mussels. Symptoms ranged from gastrointestinal disturbances, to neurotoxic effects such as hallucinations, memory loss and coma. Monitoring programmes are in place in numerous countries worldwide and closures of shellfish harvesting areas occur when domoic acid concentrations exceed regulatory limits. This paper reviews the chemistry, sources, metabolism and toxicology of domoic acid as well as human case reports of ASP and discusses a possible mechanism of toxicity.

摘要

失忆性贝类中毒（ASP）是由于食用了积聚了软骨藻酸的贝类所致，软骨藻酸是某些浮游植物菌株产生的一种神经毒素。软骨藻酸的神经毒性特性导致海马特定区域的神经元变性和坏死。1987年在加拿大发生了一起严重的ASP疫情，食用受污染贻贝后报告了150例病例，19人住院，4人死亡。症状从胃肠道紊乱到幻觉、失忆和昏迷等神经毒性作用不等。全球许多国家都设有监测计划，当软骨藻酸浓度超过监管限值时，贝类捕捞区域会被关闭。本文综述了软骨藻酸的化学、来源、代谢和毒理学以及ASP的人类病例报告，并讨论了一种可能的毒性机制。