Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
Mar Drugs. 2024 Nov 10;22(11):510. doi: 10.3390/md22110510.
Exposure to toxigenic harmful algal blooms (HABs) can result in widely recognized acute poisoning in humans. The five most commonly recognized HAB-related illnesses are diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP), and ciguatera poisoning (CP). Despite being caused by exposure to various toxins or toxin analogs, these clinical syndromes share numerous similarities. Humans are exposed to these toxins mainly through the consumption of fish and shellfish, which serve as the main biological vectors. However, the risk of human diseases linked to toxigenic HABs is on the rise, corresponding to a dramatic increase in the occurrence, frequency, and intensity of toxigenic HABs in coastal regions worldwide. Although a growing body of studies have focused on the toxicological assessment of HAB-related species and their toxins on aquatic organisms, the organization of this information is lacking. Consequently, a comprehensive review of the adverse effects of HAB-associated species and their toxins on those organisms could deepen our understanding of the mechanisms behind their toxic effects, which is crucial to minimizing the risks of toxigenic HABs to human and public health. To this end, this paper summarizes the effects of the five most common HAB toxins on fish, shellfish, and humans and discusses the possible mechanisms.
人类暴露于产毒有害赤潮（HAB）中会导致广泛认可的急性中毒。五种最常见的与 HAB 相关的疾病是腹泻性贝类中毒（DSP）、麻痹性贝类中毒（PSP）、健忘性贝类中毒（ASP）、神经性贝类中毒（NSP）和雪卡鱼中毒（CP）。尽管这些临床综合征是由接触各种毒素或毒素类似物引起的，但它们具有许多相似之处。人类主要通过食用鱼类和贝类来接触这些毒素，而鱼类和贝类是主要的生物载体。然而，与产毒 HAB 相关的人类疾病的风险正在上升，这与世界各地沿海地区产毒 HAB 的发生、频率和强度的急剧增加相对应。尽管越来越多的研究集中在评估 HAB 相关物种及其毒素对水生生物的毒理学影响，但这些信息的组织仍不完善。因此，全面审查与 HAB 相关的物种及其毒素对这些生物体的不良影响，可以深入了解其毒性作用的机制，这对于最小化产毒 HAB 对人类和公共健康的风险至关重要。为此，本文总结了五种最常见的 HAB 毒素对鱼类、贝类和人类的影响，并讨论了可能的机制。
