Zimmerman Frederick J, Christakis Dimitri A, Vander Stoep Ann
Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2004 May;58(10):1889-901. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00410-6.
Prior studies have consistently found the occurrence of depression to be higher among persons with lower socio-economic status (SES), but causal mechanisms for this relationship are often not well understood. For example, while depression has been shown to increase during spells of unemployment, little work has been done on job attributes that may be related to depression among employed people early in their careers. This study links the 1992 wave of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort-which included Depression symptom scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) instrument-to the US Department of Labor's new occupational characteristics O*Net dataset. The resulting dataset includes information regarding depression, SES, and specific attributes of jobs held by the young adult respondents. Job attributes included measures of social status, interpersonal stressors, and physical conditions. Multivariate analysis revealed that for young men, higher job status is associated with lower CES-D scores. Higher scores on the opposition scale, which measures the extent to which employees are obliged to take a position opposed to others, is associated with higher CES-D scores. For young women, physically uncomfortable or dangerous jobs are associated with more depressive symptoms. Results are stratified by race/ethnicity. For Black men, unlike for White men or Latinos, job security is associated with fewer depressive symptoms; and for Latino men, but not for Black or White men, physically uncomfortable or dangerous jobs are associated with more depressive symptoms. For Black women, job status is associated with fewer depressive symptoms. We conclude that part of the SES-depression relationship may arise from the psychosocial aspects of jobs, which we have found to be significantly and meaningfully associated with depressive symptoms among employed young adults.
先前的研究一致发现，社会经济地位较低的人群中抑郁症的发生率较高，但这种关系的因果机制往往尚未得到很好的理解。例如，虽然已表明抑郁症在失业期间会增加，但对于职业生涯早期就业人群中可能与抑郁症相关的工作属性，却很少有研究。本研究将1992年全国青年纵向调查（针对1979年出生队列）中的数据——其中包括基于流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES - D）得出的抑郁症状评分——与美国劳工部新的职业特征O*Net数据集进行了关联。由此得到的数据集包含了有关抑郁症、社会经济地位以及年轻成年受访者所从事工作的具体属性的信息。工作属性包括社会地位、人际压力源和身体状况的衡量指标。多变量分析显示，对于年轻男性而言，较高的工作地位与较低的CES - D评分相关。在对立量表上得分较高，该量表衡量员工被迫采取与他人对立立场的程度，与较高的CES - D评分相关。对于年轻女性而言，身体不适或危险的工作与更多的抑郁症状相关。结果按种族/族裔进行了分层。对于黑人男性，与白人男性或拉丁裔男性不同，工作安全感与较少的抑郁症状相关；对于拉丁裔男性，但不是黑人或白人男性，身体不适或危险的工作与更多的抑郁症状相关。对于黑人女性，工作地位与较少的抑郁症状相关。我们得出结论，社会经济地位与抑郁症之间关系的部分原因可能源于工作的心理社会方面，我们发现这与在职年轻成年人的抑郁症状存在显著且有意义的关联。
