Massé P G, Dosy J, Tranchant C C, Dallaire R
School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2004 Apr;17(2):121-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-277X.2004.00508.x.
To assess the dietary intakes and diet quality of menopausal women relative to premenopausal women, and to determine whether their diets are compatible with reducing risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and osteoporosis.
Cross-sectional study using 3-day food records and anthropometric measurements. Subjects Thirty apparently healthy, nonoestrogen using and nonsupplemented women menopausal since 3-5 years and 30 well-matched premenopausal women. Outcome measures Nutrient intakes, diet nutrient density, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and serum oestradiol.
Energy intake and body weight of pre- and postmenopausal women were comparable. Their BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratios were within healthy ranges. The diet of postmenopausal women was compatible (less total lipids and saturated fatty acids; more fibres, antioxidant vitamins and potassium) with North American nutritional recommendations linked to cardiovascular health. Their dietary iron intakes exceeded their reduced physiological need, which may jeopardize their cardiovascular system. Their calcium and vitamin D intakes were far below recommendations for healthy bones. Five other nutrients were also suboptimal. Phosphorus intake (high in both groups) correlated with dietary proteins, sulphur amino acids and calcium.
The diet of the postmenopausal women studied were more compatible with national nutritional recommendations than that of premenopausal controls. However, these postmenopausal women, not taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and having inadequate dietary calcium and vitamin D intakes, may be at increased risk of osteoporotic fracture later in life. More studies on CVD risk inherent to body iron accumulation involving a large number of postmenopausal women are warranted before planning public health measures regarding dietary iron intake.
评估绝经后女性相对于绝经前女性的饮食摄入量和饮食质量，并确定她们的饮食是否有助于降低心血管疾病（CVD）和骨质疏松症的风险。
采用3天食物记录和人体测量的横断面研究。对象为30名明显健康、未使用雌激素且未进行营养补充的女性，她们绝经3至5年，以及30名匹配良好的绝经前女性。观察指标包括营养素摄入量、饮食营养素密度、体重指数（BMI）、腰围、腰臀比和血清雌二醇。
绝经前和绝经后女性的能量摄入量和体重相当。她们的BMI、腰围和腰臀比均在健康范围内。绝经后女性的饮食（总脂质和饱和脂肪酸含量较低；纤维、抗氧化维生素和钾含量较高）符合与心血管健康相关的北美营养建议。她们的膳食铁摄入量超过了降低后的生理需求，这可能会危及她们的心血管系统。她们的钙和维生素D摄入量远低于健康骨骼的推荐量。其他五种营养素的摄入量也不理想。磷摄入量（两组均较高）与膳食蛋白质、含硫氨基酸和钙相关。
与绝经前对照组相比，所研究的绝经后女性的饮食更符合国家营养建议。然而，这些未接受激素替代疗法（HRT）且膳食钙和维生素D摄入量不足的绝经后女性，日后发生骨质疏松性骨折的风险可能会增加。在制定关于膳食铁摄入量的公共卫生措施之前，有必要对大量绝经后女性体内铁蓄积所固有的心血管疾病风险进行更多研究。
